Although technically classified as a Bleriot XI monoplane, which Hanriot, and the Curtiss Model D, as a "pioneer aircraft," the runner Deperdussin only shows that apparently does not belong to this category. Its completely covered, thin, no body-tension wire, razor sharp wings single-spinner small tail surfaces drag reduction, suspension trimmed steering wheel and mirror all the modern technology and the speed by changing the wayCategory "transition" its own, including the original, innovative, and then the names of the First World War.
It owes its existence to Deperdussin Armand, who was neither a plane nor an inventor, a pilot project. He began his career as a cabaret singer in Belgium, he held various jobs, none of which are focused on the distance the aerospace industry, including customers come out in theaters by the Lumiere brothers as run by hucksters and selling fabric at wholesale prices to the Department Frenchshops. In the fall of 1909 agreed to deliver the store Bon Marché in Paris with a display of Christmas with a plane, but despite his budding interest in science, knew nothing of aerodynamics and design in itself, therefore, forced approach Société de Construction Appareils d'Aériens to fill his needs.
Future instrumental to this ad and Deperdussin, age 32, Bechereau Louis, graduated from the Ecole des Arts et Métiers d'Angers and chief engineer have been there.His reputation had been stature "brilliant" reached.
Attracted by his plane canard Deperdussin acquired the Société de Construction d'Aériens Appareil, at Bethany, near Reims, in France, in 1910 and renamed "Société de Production Apppareils Deperdussin" or "Spad".
The proposed static display appears at the end of last year, was a monoplane with a spur Antoinette.
The version of the wheel, based on it, and maintenance of allConfiguration Antoinette, especially in the elevator, was completed in 1910 and offers several versions, ranging from the engine and both the number of seats.
A Deperdussin, for example, was a three-cylinder Anzani, a 50-hp Clerget, and a 50-hp Gnome engine-driven.
Equipped with a long, thin, 24-feet, 11.5 inches, spruce and ash and 28 feet, 10.5 inches, with a wingspan of oiled cotton, Deperdussin B, the first version to receive the attention coveredsucceeded in the first version in 1911. Powered by a horse-50, seven cylinders and weighing 551 pounds wearing gnome, is hinged elevator and rudder surfaces, the second surface serves as a guide for vertical control and the rest of the solid, stabilizing fins. Cable, the operation of the aircraft wing-warping mechanism, have been conducted up to a T-shaped lever mounted on the rear transom of the frame and then passed through rollers to skid first branchingtwo pairs of wires that are connected with the same number of points on the wings of the spars. With a fixed steering wheel-mounted bridge was reached, the direction of the deviation of the differential train every spar, ie, while one was pushed down, the other was pulled up, changing their angle of incidence and inducing a bank away from a high.
On two wheels and a spur on the floor, the deck reaches a maximum, 56-mph speed in the air.
TheType recorded several records. June 7, 1911 the aircraft entered the race circuit in Europe, for example, won the fly-by-Rene Vidarte third place, while the type shown significant performance in the Concours Militaire, instead of during the year, between October and November, in Reims. In fact, two Deperdussin monoplane, with a Nieuport, was the design can only French military requirements.
The C Deperdussin, following1912 was driven by a motor of 100 hp Gnome and hosted two people and nature, known for its capacity and speed for large loads, instead of all the world record up to five places and distances up to 30 miles until the end of 1911. The aircraft enjoyed widespread use in France and England.
Separated by only two years ago it seemed that the riders Deperdussin alternately as "Deperdussin monocoque", was known as it should have two separateDecades of his monoplane predecessor.
As demonstrated by an early and fixed-wing plane, aircraft frames need three basic components:
1). The frame or body has examined the common point of attachment of its flight surfaces.
2). Helper methods, such as beams, trusses and bracing wires.
3). A hedge or surface, usually made of cloth.
Although wood has always worked to build cell structures, it was mainly throughTurn-of-the-century methods to form and difficult to bend to form an integral unit including two in Eugene Ruchonnet of these parameters, a Swiss pilot and engineer who had worked at the factory with its sublime Hanriot Antoinette Rene boat building experience of aircraft construction, for a frame of mahogany base and produces a soft yet strong, minimal-drag hull design, which can carry heavy loads.
Bechereau Louis,Deperdussin Racer, the designer, developed this concept are two halves of the hull with three overlapping diagonal into thin strips steamed, glued Tulipwood, which was normally used for the construction wardrobe with three crossed layers that allow them to cross, before the mold is dry and reusable assembly of its two halves. The result, as the "monocoque" - from the greek "mono" or "single" and French "shell" "boiled" or - a radical departure from the seriesWood, wooden hulls of aircraft like the Bleriot XI, the provision of a circular, although decreasing diameter, tapers section, as the nose in front of the queue, but conducted their own expense, with the three components of the full frame, support and coverage. Lean, strong and streamlined, avoids the need for external braces or ties and has become one of the planes so far.
Deperdussin the runner, with a20-foot, led 1/8th-inch total length of this advanced design technology, which represented a "step change" in aircraft design.
Similarly, unlike the majority of both the pioneer and the first plane world war, was single-or mono, installed high-mounted, razor-sharp edges on the wings inverted cone in their back to 21 feet, 9 ¾ inches and 104 square feet.
Like its predecessor Deperdussin monoplane, has characterized both foldingElevator and rudder attached, the seemingly small, horizontal and vertical stabilizers, covered with waterproof canvas. The plane had a two-meter by 6.5 inches tall.
Presented by several successive higher hp Gnome rotary engine technology employed Deperdussin Racer.
The engines and has evolved from the steam to the types of combustion engines, power progressively more per pound of engine weight, and the latter appear in the early days of heavier than air flight, canPiston and rotary groups are divided. Designed by Laurent Seguin and his brother, Louis, (whose great-grandfather, Marc was happened to be the nephew of the Montgolfier brothers, who made the first balloon flight in the world happened in France, was in 1783) originated in 1907 when a new, easy configuration, review the "Gnome", which refers developed from the previous 34-hp static units.
Made of solid forged blockssteel, the engine featured a crankshaft 13.5 pounds from his original 100 pounds of gross weight and extremely thin walls reduces piston.
In contrast to the reciprocating engine, the piston is the crankshaft, which is mounted on the same engine, equipped with a fixed rotation of the engine type on which the cylinder block is rotated. However, employing the standard, four-stroke Otto cycle, although its valves were in the piston, and each cylinder, aswith both types of experiences another phase in this cycle.
During the intake stroke, for example, has created a vacuum in the cylinder, forcing the intake valve open, to pull the air-fuel mixture in the crankcase, while it is compressed during the compression stroke, it was the end of that shot her spark, Short was reached before the TDC. During the power stroke, the exhaust valve opens first bottom dead center, and this wasFollowing discharge from the blow.
Cylinders mounted symmetrically around a drum-shaped housing, the Gnome rotary engine shot with a perfect balance. The cylinders were designed by them with head actuated intake and exhaust valves located through rocker, sucking fuel and combustion gases expelled by centrifugal force, in turn neutralized by counter-weighted valves. Fuel, entering at one end of the crankshaft, ultimately flowing to the carburetorthe other side. Among the gas engine during the descent, admitted the cylinder from the first cumulative fuel and oil.
A virtual design solution, often contradictory relations of power, weight and reliability offered several advantages of the Wankel engine.
1). Because the large block of rotating cylinders used effectively as a driver and there was no mount point of the engine associated with moving bodies, provided very smooth power.
2). The crankcase and crankshaft shorterreduced structural weight.
3). Since the entire block is rotated so that no need for radiators, water pumps, fans and coolants, has characterized its built-in cooling air flow coat method to further reduce structural weight, compared to water-cooled power plants.
The Wankel engine has offered three similar disadvantages.
1). As was to be made to fight with full power in all its phases, it consumes a large amount of fuel.
2). The block rotation, theconsiderable mass, gyroscopic effect created a huge, immediate, fast extended the right bank, but resisted on the left side. These were slow and sluggish.
3). Since the centrifugal force is ejected after a single stream of castor oil through the engine, used in the repatriation of the piston-type of approach: the contrast between the aircraft was offered to a certain extent, limited by its ability to oil.
The 50 hp, seven-cylinder Gnome rotary, and in competition with Antoinettefirst appearance at the Paris Motor Show 1908, characterized by a structure of 172 pounds, a bore of 110 mm, 120 mm stroke, and turned at 1,100 rpm.
A later version offers improved maintenance and loop response at 1,300 revolutions per minute, produced 70 horses, followed in 1911, burning nearly 90 pounds of fuel per hour compared to 50-hp and 44.1 against, and had A.5 - 1-gallon of oil consumption ratio.
The first practical rotary aircraft available to manufacturersGnome, in large quantities, for a total of 3638 units built 1908-1913, is almost all world speed, altitude and endurance records for the cell, fed, such as London-Manchester, Paris, London, trans- Alps, around the Statue of Liberty and the Circuit de l'Est, the motor dominant during the dawn of World War II with the first significant increase in performance in the closing credits, the Wankel engine, as the fuselage monocoque, constituted a change radicalTechnology.
Powered by a 160-hp, 14 cylinder, double row Gnome rotary Deperdussin racer, driving a propeller driven by a large mahogany, but spinner aerodynamic drag reduction, which seemed to be at the front, are an integral part Hull reached the maximum, 127-mph speed and maneuverability gritty. It 'has often been called "the flying machine."
The 992-pound aircraft was supported by a frame with two wheels with a runner on base station.
The pilot, like his monoplanePredecessor, maintained its standard steering cockpit, which activates the left or right, the wing-warping mechanism, in turn, its transverse axis, wires out of his forehead and rear pillars, two, top, three-pronged King and control messages in the lower frame assembly below. Pulling or pushing the elevator pitch, or diverted for the longitudinal motion, while a bar yaw rudder pedal command. A switch blip rim interruptedEngine power to induce downhill.
Demonstrate and validate its superior performance characteristics, has notched an impressive series of successes.
On September 9, 1912, flew for example, a sweltering day Jules Vedrines Deperdussin its pilot in a continuous loop at low altitude in the fourth Gordon Bennett race, won the prize for the fastest plane clocked at 105.5 mph , while Marcel Prévost circles from 20 to 30 feet off the ground in its own planethe same kind of place this afternoon, in second place. They were the first to exceed the 100-mph mark. All other participants, with the exception of a Hanriot engine overheating, has been withdrawn from the competition the night before. Hanriot only half of the course.
On April 10 the following year, he won a pontoon equipped Deperdussin, always driven by Prevost, the Schneider Trophy in Monaco, the only time the two decades of history, from 1912 to 1931, the case thatthe French had succeeded in this.
During the fifth race at Bethany Gordon Bennett Aerodrome, near Reims, September 29, 1913 took place, had competed four planes, including two Gnome-powered Deperdussin Racers, one led by a Le Rhone engine, and a monoplane Alfred Ponna designed, including an evolution of Hanriot Racer. According to Henri Crombez watch circuit is 10.00, Prevost took off in his Gnome-powered, cutting wing Deperdussin clock at 11:15, completing his second, third,fourth and fifth rounds in 2 minutes, 50 seconds for ', 20 ten miles around the course in 59 minutes, 5.3 seconds at an average 45 km 204 hours, the first ever done in less than an hour and reached a world record total of 126, 67 mph.
The following month, on October 27 by Eugene Gilbert won the Henry Deutsch de la Deperdussin sprint race Meurthe air around Paris.
The rider was the fastest Deperdussin, agile design before the First World War.
The OldRhinebeck Aerodrome as the result of a trip to Paris 1974, while the Cole Palen and his wife Rita, studied, measured, drawn, photographed, and the aircraft was built on static display at the Musée de l'Espace Air et de l ', at his home in Florida this winter, when Cole has completed two monocoque fuselage frames before destroying the form they had created.
Following the recovery of Brad Adams, Ryan Cassens, Bob Mackenzie, John Nenadic, Paul didNick Savastano and Ulfik, between 2000 and 2001, crack paint from the hood, tires, rusted tracks cable, peel the gold mine and a fuel tank, and the absence of the 160 hp Gnome engine required.
After the transfer from the top of the hill the construction of the hangar Pioneer field Fokker, the aircraft was equipped with an engine replacement parts and static three valves in wood with epoxy resin coated glass and painted, assembled, equipped, while the other defects have been corrected.
Inrestored the head, first appeared in the Westchester County Civic Center in the Westchester Radio Aero Modelers Show in February 2001.
Because of the high and low speed racer surfaces Deperdussin, Cole had decided to limit ground rolls water on the lawn, it would not be long enough to offer safe, close to public service, and now, it is often immediately displayed in the Hof Bridge covered access to the airfield, aElegant and streamlined, high-performance monoplane radically different from his colleagues in other pioneers embodies advanced, step by technological change. And 'proud to introduce features that include it.
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